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The most influential Australians - smh. To mark the centenary of Federation and Australia Day, the Herald has compiled a list suggesting the 1. Australians of the century.
The list cannot be definitive. Lists are subjective, since it is not easy to define or measure importance, greatness or influence. Influence is not the same thing as fame. Fame is the state of being widely known or recognised, a celebrity.
R1) When I told my wife she was drawing her eyebrows too high she looked surprised. An uninspiring race to start, with a lot of the form coming off. The UK's Top 100 biggest songs of the week is compiled by the Official Charts Company, based on sales of downloads, CDs, vinyl and audio streams. Tune into the UK Top. In this paper three dimensions of the similarities between monastic and masonic orders will be explored, concentrating on the Rule of Benedict.
To have influence is to be capable of changing, moving, affecting or modifying people and events. The test is whether a person has changed the course of history in some way, whether we see things differently because of what he or she has done.
Elle Macpherson is a celebrity who has influenced many Western people around the world, particularly young women. She made a similar Herald list published five years ago but does not meet today the history factor.
Women are under- represented. There will be a much higher percentage of women in 2. Moral judgments are avoided. Not all the 1. 00 are admired.
Several politicians are included, because politicians have the power to influence. Scientists, some whose names are no longer well known, are included because they have changed the way we live and die. There are inventors, engineers, business leaders, entertainers, soldiers and sportspeople. Some will argue that there are too many from one group or another; others that there are too few. In compiling the list, Tony Stephens has drawn on the Australian Dictionary of Biography, the Monash Biographical Dictionary of 2. Century Australia, Ann Atkinson's Dictionary of Famous Australians, the opinions of Herald colleagues and the work of Barry Jones. BANDLER, FAITH 1.
Faith Bandler's father was enslaved from what is now Vanuatu to the Australian sugar industry. Bandler, raised at Tumbulgum on the NSW North Coast, fought for the 1. Aboriginal citizenship, worked for South Sea Islander rights, was a founding member of the Women's Electoral Lobby and has written six books.
Barton, born in Glebe, became a leading figure in the push for Federation, prime minister in 1. High Court judge in 1.
Often called Tosspot Toby because of his fondness for a drink, he is seen by historian Geoffrey Bolton as an example of the capacity for flawed individuals to lift their performance in moments of crisis. Living in tents along the Nullarbor, she studied Aboriginal languages and customs. Her work seems patronising and defeatist now, but she dealt sensitively with cultures previously presented as subhuman.
He wrote from Gallipoli and France in World War I and edited the official war history, helping to create the Anzac tradition. The Australian War Memorial and the Commonwealth Archives were Bean ideas. His 3. 0 books range from corporate history to defining texts such as The Tyranny of Distance, Triumph of the Nomads and, last year, Short History of the World. Controversy raged over his claim that Asian immigration was disrupting Australia's social harmony and his phrase . He was Victoria's police chief before commanding Allied Land Forces in the south- west Pacific under General Douglas Mac. Arthur and leading the victory at Kokoda.
He had character flaws but, as Prime Minister John Curtin said, Australia needed a military leader, not a Sunday school teacher. Receiving the Japanese surrender, he said: . Some themes are violent, a striking contrast with the gentle painter. Australian of the Year in 1. Britain and the US, he gave his magnificent estate at Bundanon, on the NSW South Coast, to the nation. He was the first living Australian to have a museum, at Bowral, dedicated in his name. The New York Times, whose readers rarely see cricket, saluted him as cricket's .
It will be played centuries after my demise. I was privileged to give the public my interpretation of its character in the same way that a pianist might interpret the works of Beethoven. The father- and- son team of physicists laid the foundation here and in England for x- ray technology, won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1. Australian science on the map. Australian of the Year in 1. US Goldman Foundation's environment prize, the world's richest. But in the stones, the trees, the skies, is fulfilment for humanity.
He won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research an international reputation. I applied it to everything. He was much less successful as Labor Party leader, although he nearly unseated the Menzies government in 1. He survived an assassination attempt and was made a papal knight. Her two- month- old daughter, Azaria Chantel Loren, disappeared at Uluru in 1.
A coroner said the baby had been taken by a dingo. A court later jailed her for murder. Further evidence led to a pardon, although the dingo remains unconvicted.
The case, and the movie with Meryl Streep, cautioned Australians against rushing to judgment and to doubt the value of forensic evidence. The dingo's got my baby. He became a train driver, treasurer, minister for postwar reconstruction and prime minister, establishing the Snowy Mountains scheme, Australian Airlines and the ANU.
He strove to better the lot of ordinary people with a combination of public and private enterprise. If it were not for that, the labour movement would not be worth fighting for.
He turned to archaeology, writing The Dawn of European Civilisation. As a professor in Edinburgh he developed his theory that different cultures could combine as new, complex civilisations. He committed suicide by jumping from Govett's Leap.
Critics said his passionate, moral tone cost him factual accuracy but he probably turned more Australians to history than any other historian. His six- volume A History of Australia is monumental, even if it neglects Aborigines and women. He was wounded at Villers Bretonneux in World War I and lost two brothers in the war. However, with brother Arthur, he built a nationwide chain of stores, G. J. Coles & Co, even expanding during the Depression. More recently, the company linked with the American K mart and took over Myer. Knighted for his charity work, he had said of his stores: .
She earned a Harvard doctorate, at least 2. Smith College, USA, a professor at MIT, Boston, and the first female chair of a major Australian company, Lend Lease. He told his son, John, on his deathbed: .
As Trade Department secretary, he worked with the Country Party's John Mc. Ewen to secure the 1. Japan- Australia trade agreement, the foundation of Australia's postwar economic success, and towards increasing exports. He was knighted and received Japan's Order of the Sacred Treasure. Anguished, sleepless and chain- smoking, he looked to America, stood up to Churchill over the Japanese threat and died in office within sight of victory. Instead, he was branded a deserter and died of septicemia, his fiancee at his bedside.
A tragic young hero, he became part of the national psyche, much like those killed at Gallipoli. Huge funeral services were held in San Francisco, Maitland and Sydney, the last one of Australia's biggest. He said on his deathbed: . In 1. 90. 1 he financed the search for Persian oil, selling out to Burmah Oil, which found the world's biggest oilfield in 1. British Petroleum. D'Arcy remained on BP's board until his death. He said, nearly 1.
There will be horseless omnibuses to carry the people and horseless carts to transport their goods. He has written more than 2.
The Edge of Infinity and The Mind of God, and has been been described as the best science writer on either side of the Atlantic. His special area of inquiry has to do with faith and science. Winner of a $1. 4. Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, he says: . When we solve one thing we are presented with another.
Broadly liberal, he introduced social welfare measures, industrial arbitration and tariff protection, but was interested in spiritualism and, it seemed, would rather have been a philosopher- poet. He said of the New Year, 1. His joint judgment with Mary Gaudron in the Mabo case reflected on the national legacy of . As Governor- General, he has tried to balance his concern for reconciliation, multiculturalism and the disadvantaged with the need to be above politics. It is absorbed into the present and the future. It stays to shape what we are and what we do. He fought with distinction at Tobruk, won a Distinguished Conduct Medal at Tel el Eisa and the VC in New Guinea for single- handedly wiping out 1.
Shot in Borneo, he continued directing his troops before dying. He had said, when ordered to withdraw: . He became one of Australia's greatest High Court judges. Sitting on the court for 3.
His judgments in the 1. Lord Evershed, of the British Court of Appeals, described him as . Stealing from three authors is research. Turning to medicine, he won a Nobel Prize in 1. Rolf Zinkernagel for research into immune systems carried out at the ANU's John Curtin School.
Their work revolutionised understanding of how the immune system recognises virus- infected cells, making new vaccines possible. Many of us have moments of genius, but few are consistent. His tireless work made him a hero in World War II, along with other doctors, on the Burma- Thailand . He promoted friendship between Australia and Asian nations and was Australian of the Year in 1. He said of the prisoners, 5.
He played a part in the establishment of the United Nations, becoming first president of the General Assembly, the first Australian to hold a top international post. He nearly led Labor to victory in 1.
Split and an electoral wilderness. He strove to develop local varieties, crossing hundreds of different breeds every year. High- yielding Federation wheat was among varieties he produced to establish wheat as a major part of Australian agriculture and to make better the world's bread. This helped save millions of lives.
The first Australian president of Britain's Royal Society, he said: . He organised nursing homes and welfare centres and, in 1. Royal Flying Doctor Service, based in Cloncurry, Queensland.